2021-02-16 分類: 網(wǎng)站建設(shè)
1.如何查看Linux系統(tǒng)的信息
如果只想知道系統(tǒng)名稱,可以使用不帶任何參數(shù)選項的uname命令,就可以輸出系統(tǒng)信息,或使用uname -s命令輸出系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)核名稱。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname Linux
要查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)名,用“-n”參數(shù)選項的uname命令,如下所示。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -n tecmint.com
要獲取有關(guān)內(nèi)核版本的信息,使用“-v”參數(shù)選項。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -v #64-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 22 21:28:38 UTC 2014
要得到有關(guān)你的內(nèi)核的發(fā)行版信息,請使用“-r”參數(shù)選項。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -r 3.13.0-37-generic
要輸出你的機(jī)器的硬件名,使用“-m”參數(shù)選項:
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -m x86_64
所有這些信息可以通過運(yùn)行“uname -a”命令,如下圖所示一次性輸出。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -a Linux tecmint.com 3.13.0-37-generic #64-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 22 21:28:38 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2.如何查看Linux的系統(tǒng)硬件信息
你可以使用lshw工具來收集有關(guān)硬件部件,如CPU,硬盤,內(nèi)存,USB控制器等的大量信息。
lshw是一個相對比較小巧的工具,當(dāng)你提取信息的時候,只有為數(shù)不多的幾個選項可供你使用。由lshw提供的信息收集形成了不同的/ proc文件。
注:請記住,lshw命令是由superuser (root)或sudo用戶執(zhí)行的。
參見:《Difference Between su and sudo User in Linux》
要輸出你的Linux系統(tǒng)的硬件信息,運(yùn)行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw tecmint.com description: Notebook product: 20354 (LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70) vendor: LENOVO version: Lenovo Z50-70 serial: 1037407803441 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=notebook family=IDEAPAD frontpanel_password=disabled keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled sku=LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70 uuid=E4B1D229-D237-E411-9F6E-28D244EBBD98 *-core description: Motherboard product: Lancer 5A5 vendor: LENOVO physical id: 0 version: 31900059WIN serial: YB06377069 slot: Type2 - Board Chassis Location *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: LENOVO physical id: 0 version: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014 size: 128KiB capacity: 4032KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi ......
你可以通過使用-short選項來輸出匯總的硬件信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw -short H/W path Device Class Description ===================================================== system 20354 (LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70) /0 bus Lancer 5A5 /0/0 memory 128KiB BIOS /0/4 processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz /0/4/b memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/4/c memory 256KiB L2 cache /0/4/d memory 3MiB L3 cache /0/a memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/12 memory 8GiB System Memory /0/12/0 memory DIMM [empty] /0/12/1 memory DIMM [empty] /0/12/2 memory 8GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) /0/12/3 memory DIMM [empty] /0/100 bridge Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller /0/100/2 display Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller /0/100/3 multimedia Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller ...
如果你想生成輸出為HTML文件,可以使用選項-html。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw -html > lshw.html
3.如何查看Linux的CPU信息
要查看關(guān)于CPU的信息,就使用lscpu命令,因為它能從sysfs和/ proc / cpuinfo中顯示CPU體系結(jié)構(gòu)的信息,例如CPU數(shù)字,核心,CPU系列型號,CPU高速緩存,線程等。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 2 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 69 Stepping: 1 CPU MHz: 768.000 BogoMIPS: 4788.72 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 3072K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
4.如何收集Linux塊設(shè)備信息
塊設(shè)備是諸如硬盤,閃存驅(qū)動器等的存儲設(shè)備。lsblk命令可用于報告有關(guān)塊設(shè)備的信息,如下所示。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 260M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda3 8:3 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 128M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 557.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 25G 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 14.7G 0 part ├─sda8 8:8 0 1M 0 part ├─sda9 8:9 0 324.5G 0 part / └─sda10 8:10 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
如果你想查看系統(tǒng)上所有的塊設(shè)備,那么就加一個-a選項。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsblk -a NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 260M 0 part /boot/efi ├─sda3 8:3 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 128M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 557.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 25G 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 14.7G 0 part ├─sda8 8:8 0 1M 0 part ├─sda9 8:9 0 324.5G 0 part / └─sda10 8:10 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP] sdb 8:16 1 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom ram0 1:0 0 64M 0 disk ram1 1:1 0 64M 0 disk ram2 1:2 0 64M 0 disk ram3 1:3 0 64M 0 disk ram4 1:4 0 64M 0 disk ram5 1:5 0 64M 0 disk ram6 1:6 0 64M 0 disk ram7 1:7 0 64M 0 disk ram8 1:8 0 64M 0 disk ram9 1:9 0 64M 0 disk loop0 7:0 0 0 loop loop1 7:1 0 0 loop loop2 7:2 0 0 loop loop3 7:3 0 0 loop loop4 7:4 0 0 loop loop5 7:5 0 0 loop loop6 7:6 0 0 loop loop7 7:7 0 0 loop ram10 1:10 0 64M 0 disk ram11 1:11 0 64M 0 disk ram12 1:12 0 64M 0 disk ram13 1:13 0 64M 0 disk ram14 1:14 0 64M 0 disk ram15 1:15 0 64M 0 disk
5.如何輸出USB控制器的信息
lsusb命令可用于報告關(guān)于USB控制器和所有連接到它們的設(shè)備的信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0bda:b728 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 5986:0249 Acer, Inc Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller Bus 002 Device 002: ID 045e:00cb Microsoft Corp. Basic Optical Mouse v2.0 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
你可以使用-v選項生成有關(guān)于每個USB設(shè)備的詳細(xì)信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsusb -v
6.如何輸出PCI設(shè)備信息
PCI設(shè)備可能包括USB接口,顯卡,網(wǎng)卡等。lspci工具能用來生成系統(tǒng)上所有PCI控制器以及連接到它們的設(shè)備的信息。
要輸出有關(guān)PCI設(shè)備的信息,可運(yùn)行以下命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 0b) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b) 00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 0b) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4) 00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev e4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB EHCI #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 04) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 10) 02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter 03:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM108M [GeForce 840M] (rev a2)
使用-t選項將以樹的形式生成輸出。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lspci -t -[0000:00]-+-00.0 +-02.0 +-03.0 +-14.0 +-16.0 +-1b.0 +-1c.0-[01]----00.0 +-1c.3-[02]----00.0 +-1c.4-[03]----00.0 +-1d.0 +-1f.0 +-1f.2 \-1f.3
使用-v選項生成有關(guān)每個連接的設(shè)備的詳細(xì)信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lspci -v 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 0b)Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3978Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0Capabilities: 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])Subsystem: Lenovo Device 380dFlags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 62Memory at c3000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]I/O ports at 6000 [size=64]Expansion ROM at [disabled]Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: i915 .....
7.如何輸出SCSI設(shè)備的信息
要查看所有的scsi / sata設(shè)備,可使用lsscsi命令,如下所示。如果你沒有安裝lsscsi工具,那么運(yùn)行下面的命令來安裝它。
$ sudo apt-get install lsscsi [on Debian derivatives] # yum install lsscsi [On RedHat based systems] # dnf install lsscsi [On Fedora 21+ Onwards]
安裝后,運(yùn)行l(wèi)sscsi命令,如下所示:
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsscsi [0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M 2BA3 /dev/sda [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH RL61 /dev/sr0 [4:0:0:0] disk Generic- xD/SD/M.S. 1.00 /dev/sdb
使用-s選項來顯示設(shè)備尺寸。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsscsi -s [0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M 2BA3 /dev/sda 1.00TB [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH RL61 /dev/sr0 - [4:0:0:0] disk Generic- xD/SD/M.S. 1.00 /dev/sdb -
8.如何打印有關(guān)SATA設(shè)備的信息
你可以使用hdparm實用工具在系統(tǒng)上找到有關(guān)sata設(shè)備的一些信息,如下所示。在下面的例子中,我使用了塊設(shè)備/ dev / sda1。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo hdparm /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: multcount = 0 (off) IO_support = 1 (32-bit) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 56065/255/63, sectors = 2048000, start = 2048
要輸出設(shè)備有關(guān)柱面、磁頭、扇區(qū)、大小和起始偏移量的幾何信息,使用-g選項。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo hdparm -g /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: geometry = 56065/255/63, sectors = 2048000, start = 2048
9.如何輸出Linux文件系統(tǒng)信息
為了收集有關(guān)文件系統(tǒng)分區(qū)的信息,你可以使用fdisk命令。雖然fdisk命令的主要功能是修改文件系統(tǒng)分區(qū),但我們也可以用它來查看文件系統(tǒng)上不同分區(qū)的信息。
你可以按如下方法輸出分區(qū)信息。記住要用超級用戶的身份運(yùn)行命令,否則你可能看不到任何輸出。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xcee8ad92 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
10.如何提取有關(guān)硬件組件的信息
你也可以使用dmidecode實用程序通過讀取DMI表中的數(shù)據(jù)提取硬件信息。
輸出有關(guān)內(nèi)存的信息,作為超級用戶運(yùn)行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0005, DMI type 5, 24 bytes Memory Controller InformationError Detecting Method: NoneError Correcting Capabilities: NoneSupported Interleave: One-way InterleaveCurrent Interleave: One-way InterleaveMaximum Memory Module Size: 8192 MBMaximum Total Memory Size: 32768 MBSupported Speeds: OtherSupported Memory Types: OtherMemory Module Voltage: UnknownAssociated Memory Slots: 4 0x0006 0x0007 0x0008 0x0009Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities: None ...
要輸出有關(guān)系統(tǒng)的信息,運(yùn)行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t system # dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System InformationManufacturer: LENOVOProduct Name: 20354Version: Lenovo Z50-70Serial Number: 1037407803441UUID: 29D2B1E4-37D2-11E4-9F6E-28D244EBBD98Wake-up Type: Power SwitchSKU Number: LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70Family: IDEAPAD ...
要輸出有關(guān)BIOS的信息,運(yùn)行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS InformationVendor: LENOVOVersion: 9BCN26WWRelease Date: 07/31/2014Address: 0xE0000Runtime Size: 128 kBROM Size: 4096 kBCharacteristics: PCI is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported EDD is supported Japanese floppy for NEC 9800 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h) Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h) 5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Targeted content distribution is supported UEFI is supportedBIOS Revision: 0.26Firmware Revision: 0.26 ...
要輸出關(guān)于處理器的信息,運(yùn)行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t processor # dmidecode 2.12 # SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes Processor InformationSocket Designation: U3E1Type: Central ProcessorFamily: Core i5Manufacturer: Intel(R) CorporationID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BFSignature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1Flags:
文章標(biāo)題:10 個用于收集硬件信息的 Linux 命令
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