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linux查看多路徑命令 linux 查看當(dāng)前路徑大小

linux查看目錄下文件的命令

linux中查看文件和目錄的命令是:LS

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LS英文原意:list,命令所在路徑:/bin/ls,適用于所有用戶權(quán)限,主要功能就是以列表形式顯示目錄文件。

其語法: ls 選項(xiàng)【-ald】【文件或目錄】

其中,-a 顯示所有文件,包括隱藏文件;

-l 詳細(xì)信息顯示;

-d 僅顯示目錄名,而不顯示目錄下的內(nèi)容列表;

-h 人性化顯示(hommization);

-i 查看任意一個(gè)文件的i節(jié)點(diǎn)(類似于身份證唯一信息);

-t 用文件和目錄的更改時(shí)間排序;可以用第一個(gè)顯示的文件判斷最近修改的文件;

注意:. 開頭的文件除非是目錄,否則就是隱藏文件

擴(kuò)展資料:

創(chuàng)建目錄命令:mkdir,英文原意:make directories,命令所在路徑:/bin/mkdir,適用于所有用戶權(quán)限,功能在于創(chuàng)建新的目錄。

其語法: mkdir 【-p】【目錄名】

-p 遞歸創(chuàng)建

例子:a)創(chuàng)建單個(gè)目錄:mkdir /tmp/vae.txt

b)創(chuàng)建多個(gè)目錄:mkdir /tmp/a.txt /tmp/b.txt

使用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng):

1、創(chuàng)建的目錄已經(jīng)存在, 那么 Linux 會(huì)提示我們 Linux 無法創(chuàng)建它。

2、不帶任何參數(shù)運(yùn)行 mkdir 命令會(huì)在當(dāng)前目錄下創(chuàng)建目錄。

3、不帶上-p,如果新建的文件上級(jí)目錄不存在則不會(huì)執(zhí)行成功這種說法是錯(cuò)誤的。加或者不加上 -p 前面的目錄沒有得都會(huì)依次創(chuàng)建。

4、創(chuàng)建目錄的首要條件是, 在想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建目錄的目標(biāo)路徑下你必須具有訪問權(quán)限。

如何使用Linux自帶多路徑DM

一、多路徑解釋

多路徑,顧名思義就是有多種選擇的路徑。在SAN或IPSAN環(huán)境,主機(jī)和存儲(chǔ)之間外加了光纖交換機(jī),這就導(dǎo)致主機(jī)和存儲(chǔ)之間交換速度和效率增強(qiáng),一條路徑肯定是不行的,也是不安全不穩(wěn)定的。多路徑就是要來解決從主機(jī)到磁盤之間最快,最高效的問題。主要實(shí)現(xiàn)如下幾個(gè)功能

故障的切換和恢復(fù)

IO流量的負(fù)載均衡

磁盤的虛擬化

多路徑之前一直是存儲(chǔ)廠商負(fù)責(zé)解決,竟來被拆分出來單獨(dú)賣錢了。

構(gòu)架基本是這樣的:存儲(chǔ),多路徑軟件,光纖交換機(jī),主機(jī),主機(jī)系統(tǒng)。

二、LINUX下的multipath

1、查看是否自帶安裝?

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[root@web2 multipath]# rpm -qa|grep device

device-mapper-1.02.39-1.el5

device-mapper-1.02.39-1.el5

device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-34.el5

device-mapper-event-1.02.39-1.el5

[root@web2 multipath]#

2、安裝

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rpm -ivh device-mapper-1.02.39-1.el5.rpm #安裝映射包

rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-34.el5.rpm #安裝多路徑包

外加加入開機(jī)啟動(dòng)

chkconfig –level 2345 multipathd on #設(shè)置成開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)multipathd

lsmod |grep dm_multipath #來檢查安裝是否正常

3、配置

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# on the default devices.

blacklist {

devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"

devnode "^hd[a-z]"

}

devices {

device {

vendor "HP"

path_grouping_policy multibus

features "1 queue_if_no_path"

path_checker readsector()

failback immediate

}

}brbr完整的配置如下:

blacklist {

devnode "^sda"

}

defaults {

user_friendly_names no

}

multipaths {

multipath {

wwid 14945540000000000a67854c6270b4359c66c272e2f356321

alias iscsi-dm0

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

multipath {

wwid 14945540000000000dcca2eda91d70b81edbcfce2357f99ee

alias iscsi-dm1

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

multipath {

wwid 1494554000000000020f763489c165561101813333957ed96

alias iscsi-dm2

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

multipath {

wwid 14945540000000000919ca813020a195422ba3663e1f03cc3

alias iscsi-dm3

path_grouping_policy multibus

path_checker tur

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

}

devices {

device {

vendor "iSCSI-Enterprise"

product "Virtual disk"

path_grouping_policy multibus

getuid_callout "/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s /block/%n"

path_checker readsector0

path_selector "round-robin 0"

}

}

4、命令

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[root@web2 ~]# multipath -h

multipath-tools v0.4.7 (03/12, 2006)

Usage: multipath [-v level] [-d] [-h|-l|-ll|-f|-F|-r]

[-p failover|multibus|group_by_serial|group_by_prio]

[device]

-v level verbosity level

0 no output

1 print created devmap names only

2 default verbosity

3 print debug information

-h print this usage text

-b file bindings file location

-d dry run, do not create or update devmaps

-l show multipath topology (sysfs and DM info)

-ll show multipath topology (maximum info)

-f flush a multipath device map

-F flush all multipath device maps

-r force devmap reload

-p policy force all maps to specified policy :

failover 1 path per priority group

multibus all paths in 1 priority group

group_by_serial 1 priority group per serial

group_by_prio 1 priority group per priority lvl

group_by_node_name 1 priority group per target node

device limit scope to the device's multipath

(udev-style $DEVNAME reference, eg /dev/sdb

or major:minor or a device map name)

[root@web2 ~]#

5、啟動(dòng)關(guān)閉

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# /etc/init.d/multipathd start #開啟mulitipath服務(wù)

service multipath start

service multipath restart

service multipath shutdown

6、如何獲取wwid

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1、

[root@vxfs01 ~]# cat /var/lib/multipath/bindings

# Multipath bindings, Version : 1.0

# NOTE: this file is automatically maintained by the multipath program.

# You should not need to edit this file in normal circumstances.

#

# Format:

# alias wwid

#

mpath0 36006016051d50e0035744871c912de11

mpath1 36006016051d50e0034744871c912de11

mpath2 36006016051d50e0032744871c912de11

mpath3 36006016051d50e0039744871c912de11

mpath4 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11

2、

[root@vxfs01 ~]# multipath -v3 |grep 3600

sdb: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

sdc: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

sdd: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

sde: uid = 36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 (callout)

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 1:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 0 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 1:0:1:0 sdc 8:32 1 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 2:0:0:0 sdd 8:48 1 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11 2:0:1:0 sde 8:64 0 [undef][ready] DGC,RAI

Found matching wwid [36006016051d50e003a744871c912de11] in bindings file.

比較詳細(xì)的文字:

RHEL官網(wǎng)資料:

Linux系統(tǒng)怎么配置多路徑

Linux多路徑指的是除了主機(jī)和硬盤一條路徑的連接,還包括了主機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器的連接形成的主機(jī)一對多的路徑連接關(guān)系。通過多路徑的連接,實(shí)現(xiàn)了磁盤的虛擬化。

1、安裝多路徑軟件包:

device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5

device-mapper-event-1.02.67.2.el5

device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5

[root@RKDB01 Server]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing.。。 ########################################### [100%]

package device-mapper-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64 is already installed

[root@RKDB01 Server]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-event-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: device-mapper-event-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing.。。 ########################################### [100%]

package device-mapper-event-1.02.67-2.el5.x86_64 is already installed

[root@RKDB01 Server]# rpm -ivh device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5.x86_64.rpm

warning: device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing.。。 ########################################### [100%]

package device-mapper-multipath-0.4.7-48.el5.x86_64 is already installed

2、設(shè)置開機(jī)啟動(dòng),并檢查安裝包是否正常:

chkconfig --level 345 multipathd on

lsmod |grep dm_multipath

[root@RKDB01 Server]# chkconfig --level 345 multipathd on

[root@RKDB01 Server]# lsmod |grep dm_multipath

dm_multipath 58969 0

scsi_dh 42561 1 dm_multipath

dm_mod 102417 4 dm_mirror,dm_multipath,dm_raid45,dm_log

[root@RKDB01 Server]#

3、配置multipathd 使其正常工作,編輯/etc/multipath.conf,開放如下內(nèi)容:

defaults {

udev_dir /dev

polling_interval 10

selector “round-robin 0”

path_grouping_policy multibus

getuid_callout “/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s /block/%n”

prio_callout none

path_checker readsector0

rr_min_io 100

max_fds 8192

rr_weight priorities

failback immediate

no_path_retry fail

user_friendly_names yes

}

blacklist {

wwid 26353900f02796769

devnode “^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*”

devnode “^hd[a-z]”

}

4、并關(guān)閉如下內(nèi)容

#blacklist {

# devnode “*”

#}

#defaults {

27 # user_friendly_names yes

28 #}

5、完成之后執(zhí)行如下命令發(fā)現(xiàn)多路徑:

[root@RKDB01 Server]# modprobe dm-multipath

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -F

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath dm-multipath

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath dm-round-robin

[root@RKDB01 Server]# service multipathd restart

正在關(guān)閉multipathd 端口監(jiān)控程序: [確定]

正在啟動(dòng)守護(hù)進(jìn)程multipathd: [確定]

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -v2

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -v2

[root@RKDB01 Server]# multipath -ll

mpath1 (3600d02310000011b16a5d57c6a1bd99a) dm-0 TOYOU,NetStor_iSUM510

[size=3.3T][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]

\_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][ena bled]

\_ 1:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 [failed][ready]

\_ 1:0:1:0 sdc 8:32 [failed][ready]

[root@RKDB01 Server]#

6、重啟服務(wù)器后,可以看到多路徑信息了:

[root@RKDB01 ~]# ll /dev/mapper/

總計(jì) 0

crw------- 1 root root 10, 60 11-05 22:35 control

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 11-05 22:35 mpath1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 11-05 22:35 mpath2

[root@RKDB01 ~]# multipath -ll

mpath2 (3600d02310000011b76128b9c63138cf4) dm-1 TOYOU,NetStor_iSUM510

[size=3.2T][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]

\_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][active]

\_ 1:0:0:1 sdc 8:32 [active][ready]

\_ 1:0:1:1 sde 8:64 [active][ready]

mpath1 (3600d02310000011b16a5d57c6a1bd99a) dm-0 TOYOU,NetStor_iSUM510

[size=20G][features=0][hwhandler=0][rw]

\_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][active]

\_ 1:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 [active][ready]

\_ 1:0:1:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ready]

7、通過fdisk 看可以生成了DM-0/DM-1兩個(gè)盤,正是上面sdc/sde,sdb/sdd多路徑后出來的:

[root@RKDB01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 299.4 GB, 299439751168 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36404 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 38 305203+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 39 13092 104856255 83 Linux

/dev/sda3 13093 19619 52428127+ 83 Linux

/dev/sda4 19620 36404 134825512+ 5 Extended

/dev/sda5 19620 26146 52428096 83 Linux

/dev/sda6 26147 28757 20972826 83 Linux

/dev/sda7 28758 30324 12586896 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda8 30325 36404 48837568+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn‘t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdc: 3568.4 GB, 3568429957120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 433836 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn’t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdd: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdd doesn‘t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sde: 3568.4 GB, 3568429957120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 433836 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sde doesn’t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-0: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn‘t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/dm-1: 3568.4 GB, 3568429957120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 433836 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn’t contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdf: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 487 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdf4 * 1 488 3915744+ b W95 FAT32

Partition 4 has different physical/logical endings:

phys=(486, 254, 63) logical=(487, 125, 22)

[root@RKDB01 ~]#

8、同時(shí)也可以在/dev/mapper目錄中查看到多路徑映射的信息:

[root@RKDB01 ~]# ll /dev/mapper/

總計(jì) 0

crw------- 1 root root 10, 60 11-06 00:49 control

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 2 11-06 00:49 data-data001

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 11-06 00:49 mpath1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 11-06 00:49 mpath2

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