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keepalived+nginx



我們先來(lái)談?wù)刱eepalived的工作原理:

keepalived的工作原理基于三個(gè)層面,分別時(shí)IP層,TCP層和應(yīng)用層
IP 層:keepalived會(huì)定期向服務(wù)器集群中的服務(wù)器發(fā)送一個(gè)類似于ping程序的ICMP數(shù)據(jù)包。通俗理解就是我keepalived來(lái)ping你服 務(wù)器,我要是ping通了,那我知道你還活著,咱們可以繼續(xù)合作,如果不幸發(fā)現(xiàn)你掛了,那就得把這臺(tái)服務(wù)器踢了。該層就是確保服務(wù)器ip地址有效,一次來(lái) 判斷這臺(tái)服務(wù)器可否繼續(xù)在崗謀職。
TCP層:這一層和IP層類似,只不過(guò)IP層檢查的是IP,該層檢查TCP端口。keepalived在IP層 且報(bào)你服務(wù)器的IP有效,然后繼續(xù)看你的TCP端口,比如說(shuō)你是web server,那你的80端口就應(yīng)該開啟,如果keepalived發(fā)現(xiàn)你的80端口沒有啟動(dòng)。那么它就會(huì)認(rèn)為你已經(jīng)掛掉,然后剔除。
應(yīng)用層:這一層就是具體的工作程序了,keepalived是個(gè)恪盡職守的檢察官,應(yīng)用層的程序與用戶的設(shè)定息息相關(guān),keepalived則通過(guò)檢查服務(wù)器的運(yùn)行是否和用戶設(shè)定一致,如果不一致,keepalived就會(huì)宣判這臺(tái)服務(wù)器犧牲。

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keepalived + nginx

主機(jī):172.25.44.3    server3
備機(jī):172.25.44.4    server4

配置虛擬ip

[root@server3 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0DEVICE=eth0:0TYPE=EthernetONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=staticDNS1=172.25.44.44IPADDR=172.25.44.100NETMASK=255.255.255.0GETWAY=172.25.44.44[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart[root@server3 ~]# ifconfigeth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:48:60:3E          inet addr:172.25.44.4  Bcast:172.25.44.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe48:603e/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:11926 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:6533 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000          RX bytes:25662550 (24.4 MiB)  TX bytes:876645 (856.0 KiB)
eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:48:60:3E          inet addr:172.25.44.100  Bcast:172.25.44.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1          RX packets:36283 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:36283 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:1982812 (1.8 MiB)  TX bytes:1982812 (1.8 MiB)
主備機(jī)均需配置

安裝nginx

安裝包:nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
解壓安裝包:tar zxf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz

[root@server3 software]# cd nginx-1.10.3 —prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nignx
[root@server3 nginx-1.10.3]# ./configure
[root@server3 nginx-1.10.3]# make
[root@server3 nginx-1.10.3]# make install
[root@server3 nginx-1.10.3]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
#創(chuàng)建nginx的軟鏈接

配置nginx
[root@server3 nginx-1.10.3]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf[root@server3 conf]# vim nginx.conf/#訪問(wèn)8088端口是的發(fā)布目錄為/var/www/html,而nginx的默認(rèn)發(fā)布目錄還是/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html
server {        listen       8088;#監(jiān)聽8088端口        server_name  localhost;
    location / {
        root   /var/www/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/html;
    }
}
[root@server3 conf]# cd /var/www/html[root@server3 html]# vim index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black">
<center><h2>Welcome to nginx! 172.25.44.3</h2></center>
</body>
</html>
[root@server3 html]# nginx

安裝keepalived

安裝包:keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz

[root@server3 software]# wget 
http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
[root@server3 software]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
[root@server3 software]# cd keepalived-1.2.2
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# ./configure
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# make
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# make install
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# cp -r /usr/local/etc/keepalived/ /etc/
配置leepalived
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
    script “</dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8088”
    interval 1
    weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.25.44.100
    }
    track_script {
        chk_http_port
    }
#state MASTER:MASTER主機(jī),BACKUP備機(jī)#priority 100:優(yōu)先級(jí)指定,數(shù)字越大優(yōu)先級(jí)越高#virtual_ipaddress:指定vip#track_scrip:檢查端口
[root@server3 keepalived-1.2.2]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

備機(jī)次同步主機(jī)的操作步驟:keepalived的配置文件中,主機(jī)的state為MASTER,備機(jī)的state為BACKUP,備機(jī)的priority要小于主機(jī)

測(cè)試

驗(yàn)證nginx啟動(dòng)正常

訪問(wèn)主機(jī)nginx的默認(rèn)頁(yè)

keepalived+nginx

訪問(wèn)主機(jī)nginx的指定頁(yè)

keepalived+nginx

訪問(wèn)備機(jī)nginx的默認(rèn)頁(yè)

keepalived+nginx

訪問(wèn)備機(jī)nginx的指定頁(yè)

keepalived+nginx

訪問(wèn)vip

主機(jī)server3的優(yōu)先級(jí)更高,在主機(jī)完好的情況下,有server3來(lái)負(fù)載nginx運(yùn)行

keepalived+nginx

[root@server3 software]# /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
當(dāng)主機(jī)的keeplived服務(wù)掛掉的時(shí)候,在則訪問(wèn)vip,則由備機(jī)自動(dòng)負(fù)載nginx運(yùn)行
[root@server4 conf]# ip a
1: lo:  mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:48:60:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.44.4/24 brd 172.25.44.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.254.104/24 brd 172.25.254.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.44.100/32 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.44.100/24 brd 172.25.44.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe48:603e/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
同時(shí)可以看到vip浮動(dòng)在備機(jī)server4上

keepalived+nginx

[root@server3 software]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
啟動(dòng)主機(jī)server3上的keepalived服務(wù),再次訪問(wèn)vip,則nginx的負(fù)載運(yùn)行又回到主機(jī)server3上
[root@server3 software]# ip a
1: lo:  mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:b4:14:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.44.3/24 brd 172.25.44.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.254.103/24 brd 172.25.254.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.44.100/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feb4:140d/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
該情況下查看ip,發(fā)現(xiàn)vip浮動(dòng)在主機(jī)server3上

keepalived+nginx

在應(yīng)用層出問(wèn)題的情況下,如停掉主機(jī)server3的nginx服務(wù),則備機(jī)server4也會(huì)自動(dòng)接管nginx支持前端的訪問(wèn)
[root@server3 software]# killall nginx

keepalived+nginx

問(wèn)題補(bǔ)充:在備機(jī)keepalived的配合配置文件中,如果補(bǔ)修改state的情況下實(shí)驗(yàn)也是可以成功的,我覺得應(yīng)該時(shí)兩個(gè)機(jī)子通過(guò)priority優(yōu)先級(jí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

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