作者:譚朝紅
公司專注于為企業(yè)提供網(wǎng)站制作、成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、微信公眾號開發(fā)、商城開發(fā),微信小程序開發(fā),軟件按需定制開發(fā)等一站式互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)服務(wù)。憑借多年豐富的經(jīng)驗,我們會仔細了解各客戶的需求而做出多方面的分析、設(shè)計、整合,為客戶設(shè)計出具風(fēng)格及創(chuàng)意性的商業(yè)解決方案,創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)更提供一系列網(wǎng)站制作和網(wǎng)站推廣的服務(wù)。
前言
本次內(nèi)容主要介紹基于Ehcache 3.0來快速實現(xiàn)Spring Boot應(yīng)用程序的數(shù)據(jù)緩存功能。在Spring Boot應(yīng)用程序中,我們可以通過Spring Caching來快速搞定數(shù)據(jù)緩存。
接下來我們將介紹如何在三步之內(nèi)搞定 Spring Boot 緩存。
1. 創(chuàng)建一個Spring Boot工程
你所創(chuàng)建的Spring Boot應(yīng)用程序的maven依賴文件至少應(yīng)該是下面的樣子:
<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?> <project?xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"?xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ????xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0?http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> ????<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> ????<parent> ????????<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ????????<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> ????????<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version> ????????<relativePath/>?<!--?lookup?parent?from?repository?--> ????</parent> ????<groupId>com.ramostear</groupId> ????<artifactId>cache</artifactId> ????<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> ????<name>cache</name> ????<description>Demo?project?for?Spring?Boot</description> ????<properties> ????????<java.version>1.8</java.version> ????</properties> ????<dependencies> ????????<dependency> ????????????<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ????????????<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId> ????????</dependency> ????????<dependency> ????????????<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ????????????<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> ????????</dependency> ????????<dependency> ????????????<groupId>org.ehcache</groupId> ????????????<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> ????????</dependency> ????????<dependency> ????????????<groupId>javax.cache</groupId> ????????????<artifactId>cache-api</artifactId> ????????</dependency> ????????<dependency> ????????????<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ????????????<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> ????????????<scope>test</scope> ????????</dependency> ????????<dependency> ????????????<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> ????????????<artifactId>lombok</artifactId> ????????</dependency> ????</dependencies> ????<build> ????????<plugins> ????????????<plugin> ????????????????<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> ????????????????<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> ????????????</plugin> ????????</plugins> ????</build> </project>
依賴說明:
spring-boot-starter-cache為Spring Boot應(yīng)用程序提供緩存支持
ehcache提供了Ehcache的緩存實現(xiàn)
cache-api 提供了基于JSR-107的緩存規(guī)范
2. 配置Ehcache緩存
現(xiàn)在,需要告訴Spring Boot去那里找緩存配置文件,這需要在Spring Boot配置文件中進行設(shè)置:
spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml
然后使用@EnableCaching注解開啟Spring Boot應(yīng)用程序緩存功能,你可以在應(yīng)用主類中進行操作:
package?com.ramostear.cache; import?org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import?org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import?org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; @SpringBootApplication @EnableCaching public?class?CacheApplication?{ ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{ ????????SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class,?args); ????} }
接下來,需要創(chuàng)建一個 ehcache 的配置文件,該文件放置在類路徑下,如resources目錄下:
<config?xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ????????xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3" ????????xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107" ????????xsi:schemaLocation=" ????????????http://www.ehcache.org/v3?http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd ????????????http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107?http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd"> ????<service> ????????<jsr107:defaults?enable-statistics="true"/> ????</service> ????<cache?alias="person"> ????????<key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type> ????????<value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type> ????????<expiry> ????????????<ttl?unit="minutes">1</ttl> ????????</expiry> ????????<listeners> ????????????<listener> ????????????????<class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class> ????????????????<event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode> ????????????????<event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode> ????????????????<events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on> ????????????????<events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on> ????????????????<events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on> ????????????????<events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on> ????????????????<events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on> ????????????</listener> ????????</listeners> ????????<resources> ????????????????<heap?unit="entries">2000</heap> ????????????????<offheap?unit="MB">100</offheap> ????????</resources> ????</cache> </config>
最后,還需要定義個緩存事件監(jiān)聽器,用于記錄系統(tǒng)操作緩存數(shù)據(jù)的情況,最快的方法是實現(xiàn)CacheEventListener接口:
package?com.ramostear.cache.config; import?org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent; import?org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener; import?org.slf4j.Logger; import?org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; /** ?*?@author?ramostear ?*?@create-time?2019/4/7?0007-0:48 ?*?@modify?by?: ?*?@since: ?*/ public?class?PersonCacheEventLogger?implements?CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{ ????private?static?final?Logger?logger?=?LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class); ????@Override ????public?void?onEvent(CacheEvent?cacheEvent)?{ ????????logger.info("person?caching?event?{}?{}?{}?{}", ????????????????cacheEvent.getType(), ????????????????cacheEvent.getKey(), ????????????????cacheEvent.getOldValue(), ????????????????cacheEvent.getNewValue()); ????} }
3. 使用@Cacheable注解
要讓Spring Boot能夠緩存我們的數(shù)據(jù),還需要使用@Cacheable注解對業(yè)務(wù)方法進行注釋,告訴Spring Boot該方法中產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)需要加入到緩存中:
package?com.ramostear.cache.service; import?com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person; import?org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; import?org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** ?*?@author?ramostear ?*?@create-time?2019/4/7?0007-0:51 ?*?@modify?by?: ?*?@since: ?*/ @Service(value?=?"personService") public?class?PersonService?{ ????@Cacheable(cacheNames?=?"person",key?=?"#id") ????public?Person?getPerson(Long?id){ ????????Person?person?=?new?Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com"); ????????return?person; ????} }
通過以上三個步驟,我們就完成了Spring Boot的緩存功能。接下來,我們將測試一下緩存的實際情況。
歡迎大家關(guān)注我的公種浩【程序員追風(fēng)】,文章都會在里面更新,整理的資料也會放在里面。
4. 緩存測試
為了測試我們的應(yīng)用程序,創(chuàng)建一個簡單的Restful端點,它將調(diào)用PersonService返回一個Person對象:
package?com.ramostear.cache.controller; import?com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person; import?com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService; import?org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import?org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import?org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import?org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** ?*?@author?ramostear ?*?@create-time?2019/4/7?0007-0:54 ?*?@modify?by?: ?*?@since: ?*/ @RestController @RequestMapping("/persons") public?class?PersonController?{ ????@Autowired ????private?PersonService?personService; ????@GetMapping("/{id}") ????public?ResponseEntity<Person>?person(@PathVariable(value?=?"id")?Long?id){ ????????return?new?ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id),?HttpStatus.OK); ????} }
Person是一個簡單的POJO類:
package?com.ramostear.cache.entity; import?lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import?lombok.Getter; import?lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import?lombok.Setter; import?java.io.Serializable; /** ?*?@author?ramostear ?*?@create-time?2019/4/7?0007-0:45 ?*?@modify?by?: ?*?@since: ?*/ @Getter @Setter @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public?class?Person?implements?Serializable{ ????private?Long?id; ????private?String?username; ????private?String?email; }
以上準(zhǔn)備工作都完成后,讓我們編譯并運行應(yīng)用程序。項目成功啟動后,使用瀏覽器打開:http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你將在瀏覽器頁面中看到如下的信息:
{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}
此時在觀察控制臺輸出的日志信息:
2019-04-07?01:08:01.001??INFO?6704?---?[nio-8080-exec-1]? o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet????????:?Completed?initialization?in?5?ms 2019-04-07?01:08:01.054??INFO?6704?---?[e?[_default_]-0]? c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger??:?person?caching?event?CREATED?1? null?com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729
由于我們是第一次請求API,沒有任何緩存數(shù)據(jù)。因此,Ehcache創(chuàng)建了一條緩存數(shù)據(jù),可以通過CREATED看一了解到。
我們在ehcache.xml文件中將緩存過期時間設(shè)置成了1分鐘(1),因此在一分鐘之內(nèi)我們刷新瀏覽器,不會看到有新的日志輸出,一分鐘之后,緩存過期,我們再次刷新瀏覽器,將看到如下的日志輸出:
2019-04-07?01:09:28.612??INFO?6704?---?[e?[_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger??:?person?caching?event?EXPIRED?1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57?null 2019-04-07?01:09:28.612??INFO?6704?---?[e?[_default_]-1]? c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger??:?person?caching?event?CREATED?1 null?com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce
第一條日志提示緩存已經(jīng)過期,第二條日志提示Ehcache重新創(chuàng)建了一條緩存數(shù)據(jù)。
總結(jié)
在本次案例中,通過簡單的三個步驟,講解了基于 Ehcache 的 Spring Boot 應(yīng)用程序緩存實現(xiàn)。文章內(nèi)容重在緩存實現(xiàn)的基本步驟與方法,簡化了具體的業(yè)務(wù)代碼,有興趣的朋友可以自行擴展。
最后
歡迎大家一起交流,喜歡文章記得點個贊喲,感謝支持!
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