lnmp安裝配置
一、總體簡介
為企業(yè)提供網站建設、成都網站制作、網站優(yōu)化、成都全網營銷推廣、競價托管、品牌運營等營銷獲客服務。成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)公司擁有網絡營銷運營團隊，以豐富的互聯(lián)網營銷經驗助力企業(yè)精準獲客，真正落地解決中小企業(yè)營銷獲客難題，做到“讓獲客更簡單”。自創(chuàng)立至今，成功用技術實力解決了企業(yè)“網站建設、網絡品牌塑造、網絡營銷”三大難題，同時降低了營銷成本，提高了有效客戶轉化率，獲得了眾多企業(yè)客戶的高度認可！
Lnmp架構（Linux+nginx+MySQL+php）是目前網站的主流架構，這個架構包含了一個網站的最基本要求：運行環(huán)境+web容器+動態(tài)頁面處理+存儲。當然同樣主流的架構還有l(wèi)amp，但是個人認為nginx的性能在現(xiàn)在的趨勢下更勝一籌。
二、Nginx優(yōu)勢
Nginx是一款高性能的web服務器、反向代理服務器、負載均衡服務器，它的高性能主要體現(xiàn)在它引入了基于事件驅動的I/O模型，支持高并發(fā)，并且占用內存資源少。作為web服務器，nginx比apache使用更少的資源，支持更多的并發(fā)連接，nginx處理靜態(tài)文件、索引文件，自動索引的效率非常高。作為反向代理服務器，nginx可以實現(xiàn)無緩存的反向代理，提高網站運行速度。作為負載均衡服務器，nginx既可以在內部支持Rails和PHP，也可以支持HTTP代理服務器，對外進行服務。同時支持簡單的容錯和利用算法進行負載均衡。
三、安裝配置
1. 安裝配置nginx
在官網下載nginx的源碼包：http://nginx.org/en/download.html
這里我選擇的是nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
1) 解壓源碼包
[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
2) 安裝源碼包
[root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# cd auto/cc [root@server1 cc]# vim gcc # debug #CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g" ###注釋掉這一行，編譯后沒有debug信息，nginx文件就會縮減很多 [root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# cd src/core #define NGINX_VER "nginx" ###一般處于安全考慮會更改或隱藏nginx版本號 [root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# yum install pcre-devel -y ###安裝依賴性 [root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/nginx --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module ###可以根據(jù)自己的需要添加參數(shù)，我添加的參數(shù)依次是：設定安裝目錄、允許多線程、l允許系統(tǒng)啟用異步io、允許ngx_http_stub_status_module模塊（這個模塊可以取得一些nginx的運行狀態(tài)，如果是工業(yè)狀況，可以直接取消）、允許ngx_http_ssl_module模塊 [root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# make&&make install [root@server1 nginx-1.12.0]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/ [root@server1 nginx]# ln -s /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/ ###做軟鏈接，方便啟動
3) 配置nginx
nginx的配置目錄為/usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@server1 nginx]# cd conf
[root@server1 conf]# useradd -u 800 nginx ###創(chuàng)建nginx用戶
[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
user nginx nginx; ###更改nginx用戶
worker_processes 2;###更改進程數(shù)，最好是和cpu數(shù)一致
worker_cpu_affinity 01 10;###將進程綁定cpu，兩個cpu就是 01 10 四個cpu就是0001 0010 0100 1000
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 4096; ###更改最大連接數(shù)，不能超過內核最大文件個數(shù)sysctl -a | grep file可以查看
}
[root@server1 conf]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf ###更改nginx用戶的內核限制 最大用戶進程數(shù)和文件打開個數(shù)，如果上面設置的最大連接比這里的數(shù)字大也沒用最大只能到這里設置的4096， ulimit -a可以查看內核限制
nginx - nproc 4096
nginx - nofile 4096
[root@server1 conf]# su nginx
[nginx@server1 conf]$ ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 14868
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 4096
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 4096
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t
[root@server1 conf]# nginx
###添加虛擬server
[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.westos.com;
location / {
root /web1; ###發(fā)布目錄
index index.html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.linux.com;
location / {
root /web2;
index index.html;
}
}
[root@server1 conf]# mkdir /web1
[root@server1 conf]# mkdir /web2
[root@server1 conf]# echo 'westos' > /web1/index.html
[root@server1 conf]# echo 'linux' > /web2/index.html
[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t
[root@server1 conf]# nginx -s reload
###測試以下
[root@server1 conf]# curl -I www.westos.com ###用url訪問
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx
Date: Sun, 14 May 2017 06:00:25 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 7
Last-Modified: Sun, 14 May 2017 05:40:05 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5917edb5-7"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
###添加https
[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
# HTTPS server
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key cert.pem; ###我這里為了測試方便把key和證書設置一樣的了
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@server1 conf]# cd /etc/pki/tls/certs/
[root@server1 certs]# ls
ca-bundle.crt make-dummy-cert renew-dummy-cert
ca-bundle.trust.crt Makefile
[root@server1 certs]# make cert.pem ###生成一個臨時的證書
umask 77 ; \
PEM1=`/bin/mktemp /tmp/openssl.XXXXXX` ; \
PEM2=`/bin/mktemp /tmp/openssl.XXXXXX` ; \
/usr/bin/openssl req -utf8 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout $PEM1 -nodes -x509 -days 365 -out $PEM2 -set_serial 0 ; \
cat $PEM1 > cert.pem ; \
echo "" >> cert.pem ; \
cat $PEM2 >> cert.pem ; \
rm -f $PEM1 $PEM2
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...............................................................................................................+++
............................+++
writing new private key to '/tmp/openssl.f7Dpjt'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Shaanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xi'an
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:westos
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server1
Email Address []:root@localhost
[root@server1 certs]# mv cert.pem /usr/local/lnmp/nginx/conf/ ###將證書放在nginx的配置目錄下
[root@server1 certs]# nginx -t ###檢測是否正常
[root@server1 certs]# nginx -s reload ###重新加載nginx
###重定向
[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.princekin.com; ###將所有訪問以www.princekin.com開頭的都重寫到https://www.prince.com
rewrite ^(.*) https://www.prince.com;
}
[root@server1 conf]# nginx -t
[root@server1 conf]# nginx -s reload
###負載均衡和反向代理
[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf
###引入upstream模塊作負載均衡
http {
upstream westos {
server 172.25.45.2:80;
server 172.25.45.3:80;
server 172.25.45.1:8080 backup; ###當2和3都掛了就訪問1，1做備份
}
###引入proxy_pass 作反向代理
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.westos.com;
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.linux.com;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.linux.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://westos;
}
}
###開啟http8080端口 http作為nginx的維護界面
[root@server1 conf]# yum install httpd -y
[root@server1 conf]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName 172.25.45.1
Listen 8080
[root@server1 conf]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
隨便寫
[root@server1 conf]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
再開兩臺虛擬機作server2和server3 配置好服務nginx或者httpd都行
###測試結果
[root@server1 conf]# for i in {1..10}; do curl www.linux.com;done
<h2>server3<h2>
<h2>server2<h2>
<h2>server3<h2>
<h2>server2<h2>
<h2>server3<h2>
<h2>server2<h2>
<h2>server3<h2>
<h2>server2<h2>
<h2>server3<h2>
<h2>server2<h2>
2. 安裝配置mysql
在官網下載:https://www.mysql.com/downloads/
mysql-boost-5.7.17.tar.gz（也可以下不帶boost的，包會小一點，但是編譯的時候需要單獨下載boost包）
編譯源碼包時有依賴性需要安裝：
gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel bison openssl-devel zlib-devel cmake(系統(tǒng)自帶的版本過低，須從官網下在最新版本)
[root@server1 mysql-5.7.17]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses-devel bison openssl-devel zlib-devel cmake [root@server1 mysql-5.7.17]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.12.tar.gz [root@server1 mysql-5.7.17]# cd mysql-5.7.17 [root@server1mysql-5.7.17]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #安裝目錄 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ #數(shù)據(jù)庫存放目錄 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock \ #Unix socket 文件路徑 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安裝 myisam 存儲引擎 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安裝 innodb 存儲引擎 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安裝 archive 存儲引擎 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安裝 blackhole 存儲引擎 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫分區(qū) -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ #允許從本地導入數(shù)據(jù) -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ #快捷鍵功能 -DWITH_SSL=yes \ #支持 SSL -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #使用 utf8 字符 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ #校驗字符 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #安裝所有擴展字符集 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ #MySQL 監(jiān)聽端口 默認的可以不寫 -DWITH-BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/ [root@server1 mysql-5.7.17]# make && make install ###重新編譯時,需要清除舊的對象文件和緩存信息 make clean rm -f CmakeCache.txt [root@server1 mysql-5.7.17]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/mysql [root@server1 mysql]# cd support-files [root@server1 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@server1 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@server1 mysql]# useradd -u 27 -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@server1 mysql]# groupmod -g 27 mysql [root@server1 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql -R . [root@server1 bin]# vim ~/.bash_profile PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/bin ###添加環(huán)境變量 [root@server1 bin]# source ~/.bash_profile [root@server1 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql ###初始化 2017-05-14T05:22:13.918714Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XUpjk0SNh5+C ###會提供root初始化密碼 [root@server1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start ###啟動服務 [root@server1 mysql]# mysql -p Enter password: ###復制上面提供的密碼,進入mysql mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. ###報錯是因為要先改密碼 mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Lee+88888'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ###更改密碼必須有大寫字母,特殊字符,數(shù)字超過8位 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) ###做安全初始化 [root@server1 mysql]# mysql_secure_installation -p Enter password: Securing the MySQL server deployment. VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Using existing password for root. Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. All done!
3.安裝配置php
php 官網下載:http://php.net/downloads.php
[root@server1 ~]# tar jxf php-5.6.20.tar.bz2
需要下載的依賴包:
libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm re2c-0.13.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@server1 ~]# yum install libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.el6.x86_64.rpm re2c-0.13.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@server1 php-5.6.20]# yum install net-snmp-devel gmp-devel curl-devel libxml2-devel -y [root@server1 php-5.6.20]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lnmp/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/lnmp/php/etc --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --enable-mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-snmp --with-gd --with-zlib --with-curl --with-libxml-dir --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-pear --with-gettext --with-gmp --enable-inline-optimization --enable-soap --enable-ftp --enable-sockets --enable-mbstring --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-mcrypt --with-mhash [root@server1 php-5.6.20]# make && make install [root@server1 php-5.6.20]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/php [root@server1 php]# cd etc/ [root@server1 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf [root@server1 php-5.6.20]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini [root@server1 php-5.6.20]# cd /usr/local/lnmp/php/etc/ [root@server1 etc]# vim php.ini date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai ###更改時區(qū) pdo_mysql.default_socket=/usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock mysql.default_socket = /usr/local/lnmp/mysql/data/mysql.sock ###添加mysql.sock [root@server1 etc]# vim php-fpm.conf [global] ; Pid file ; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/lnmp/php/var ; Default Value: none pid = run/php-fpm.pid ###去掉注釋 [root@server1 etc]# cd ~/php-5.6.20/sapi/fpm/ [root@server1 fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm ###添加php-fpm啟動項到/etc/init.d [root@server1 fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm ###給執(zhí)行權限 [root@server1 fpm]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
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