當(dāng)在try里出現(xiàn)異常時(shí),會(huì)從catch找最接近它的異常對(duì)象,最接近意思是指繼承鏈最近的,這里的繼承鏈?zhǔn)?/p>
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)長(zhǎng)期為數(shù)千家客戶提供的網(wǎng)站建設(shè)服務(wù),團(tuán)隊(duì)從業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)10年,關(guān)注不同地域、不同群體,并針對(duì)不同對(duì)象提供差異化的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù);打造開放共贏平臺(tái),與合作伙伴共同營(yíng)造健康的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)生態(tài)環(huán)境。為賓陽企業(yè)提供專業(yè)的成都做網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì),賓陽網(wǎng)站改版等技術(shù)服務(wù)。擁有十余年豐富建站經(jīng)驗(yàn)和眾多成功案例,為您定制開發(fā)。
ExampleB extends ExampleA extends Exception
也就是B和A相對(duì)Exception更接近,那么當(dāng)拋出的異常是B,所以會(huì)找catch中往下找,找到了A異常對(duì)象
如果你把Exception和ExampleA位置調(diào)換過來,那么找到就是Exception了,所以catch異常的順序我們一般是繼承鏈低的放在前面,高的放在后面
用MVC方式實(shí)現(xiàn)的貪吃蛇游戲,共有4個(gè)類。運(yùn)行GreedSnake運(yùn)行即可。主要是觀察者模式的使用,我已經(jīng)添加了很多注釋了。
1、
/*
* 程序名稱:貪食蛇
* 原作者:BigF
* 修改者:algo
* 說明:我以前也用C寫過這個(gè)程序,現(xiàn)在看到BigF用Java寫的這個(gè),發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然作者自稱是Java的初學(xué)者,
* 但是明顯編寫程序的素養(yǎng)不錯(cuò),程序結(jié)構(gòu)寫得很清晰,有些細(xì)微得地方也寫得很簡(jiǎn)潔,一時(shí)興起之
* 下,我認(rèn)真解讀了這個(gè)程序,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)和表現(xiàn)分開得很好,而我近日正在學(xué)習(xí)MVC設(shè)計(jì)模式,
* 因此嘗試把程序得結(jié)構(gòu)改了一下,用MVC模式來實(shí)現(xiàn),對(duì)源程序得改動(dòng)不多。
* 我同時(shí)也為程序增加了一些自己理解得注釋,希望對(duì)大家閱讀有幫助。
*/
package mvcTest;
/**
* @author WangYu
* @version 1.0
* Description:
* /pre
* Create on :Date :2005-6-13 Time:15:57:16
* LastModified:
* History:
*/
public class GreedSnake {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SnakeModel model = new SnakeModel(20,30);
SnakeControl control = new SnakeControl(model);
SnakeView view = new SnakeView(model,control);
//添加一個(gè)觀察者,讓view成為model的觀察者
model.addObserver(view);
(new Thread(model)).start();
}
}
-------------------------------------------------------------
2、
package mvcTest;
//SnakeControl.java
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
/**
* MVC中的Controler,負(fù)責(zé)接收用戶的操作,并把用戶操作通知Model
*/
public class SnakeControl implements KeyListener{
SnakeModel model;
public SnakeControl(SnakeModel model){
this.model = model;
}
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
if (model.running){ // 運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下,處理的按鍵
switch (keyCode) {
case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
model.changeDirection(SnakeModel.UP);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
model.changeDirection(SnakeModel.DOWN);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
model.changeDirection(SnakeModel.LEFT);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
model.changeDirection(SnakeModel.RIGHT);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_ADD:
case KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_UP:
model.speedUp();
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_SUBTRACT:
case KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_DOWN:
model.speedDown();
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:
case KeyEvent.VK_P:
model.changePauseState();
break;
default:
}
}
// 任何情況下處理的按鍵,按鍵導(dǎo)致重新啟動(dòng)游戲
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_R ||
keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_S ||
keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
model.reset();
}
}
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
}
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
}
}
-------------------------------------------------------------
3、
/*
*
*/
package mvcTest;
/**
* 游戲的Model類,負(fù)責(zé)所有游戲相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)及運(yùn)行
* @author WangYu
* @version 1.0
* Description:
* /pre
* Create on :Date :2005-6-13 Time:15:58:33
* LastModified:
* History:
*/
//SnakeModel.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 游戲的Model類,負(fù)責(zé)所有游戲相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)及運(yùn)行
*/
class SnakeModel extends Observable implements Runnable {
boolean[][] matrix; // 指示位置上有沒蛇體或食物
LinkedList nodeArray = new LinkedList(); // 蛇體
Node food;
int maxX;
int maxY;
int direction = 2; // 蛇運(yùn)行的方向
boolean running = false; // 運(yùn)行狀態(tài)
int timeInterval = 200; // 時(shí)間間隔,毫秒
double speedChangeRate = 0.75; // 每次得速度變化率
boolean paused = false; // 暫停標(biāo)志
int score = 0; // 得分
int countMove = 0; // 吃到食物前移動(dòng)的次數(shù)
// UP and DOWN should be even
// RIGHT and LEFT should be odd
public static final int UP = 2;
public static final int DOWN = 4;
public static final int LEFT = 1;
public static final int RIGHT = 3;
public SnakeModel( int maxX, int maxY) {
this.maxX = maxX;
this.maxY = maxY;
reset();
}
public void reset(){
direction = SnakeModel.UP; // 蛇運(yùn)行的方向
timeInterval = 200; // 時(shí)間間隔,毫秒
paused = false; // 暫停標(biāo)志
score = 0; // 得分
countMove = 0; // 吃到食物前移動(dòng)的次數(shù)
// initial matirx, 全部清0
matrix = new boolean[maxX][];
for (int i = 0; i maxX; ++i) {
matrix[i] = new boolean[maxY];
Arrays.fill(matrix[i], false);
}
// initial the snake
// 初始化蛇體,如果橫向位置超過20個(gè),長(zhǎng)度為10,否則為橫向位置的一半
int initArrayLength = maxX 20 ? 10 : maxX / 2;
nodeArray.clear();
for (int i = 0; i initArrayLength; ++i) {
int x = maxX / 2 + i;//maxX被初始化為20
int y = maxY / 2; //maxY被初始化為30
//nodeArray[x,y]: [10,15]-[11,15]-[12,15]~~[20,15]
//默認(rèn)的運(yùn)行方向向上,所以游戲一開始nodeArray就變?yōu)椋?/p>
// [10,14]-[10,15]-[11,15]-[12,15]~~[19,15]
nodeArray.addLast(new Node(x, y));
matrix[x][y] = true;
}
// 創(chuàng)建食物
food = createFood();
matrix[food.x][food.y] = true;
}
public void changeDirection(int newDirection) {
// 改變的方向不能與原來方向同向或反向
if (direction % 2 != newDirection % 2) {
direction = newDirection;
}
}
/**
* 運(yùn)行一次
* @return
*/
public boolean moveOn() {
Node n = (Node) nodeArray.getFirst();
int x = n.x;
int y = n.y;
// 根據(jù)方向增減坐標(biāo)值
switch (direction) {
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
}
// 如果新坐標(biāo)落在有效范圍內(nèi),則進(jìn)行處理
if ((0 = x x maxX) (0 = y y maxY)) {
if (matrix[x][y]) { // 如果新坐標(biāo)的點(diǎn)上有東西(蛇體或者食物)
if (x == food.x y == food.y) { // 吃到食物,成功
nodeArray.addFirst(food); // 從蛇頭贈(zèng)長(zhǎng)
// 分?jǐn)?shù)規(guī)則,與移動(dòng)改變方向的次數(shù)和速度兩個(gè)元素有關(guān)
int scoreGet = (10000 - 200 * countMove) / timeInterval;
score += scoreGet 0 ? scoreGet : 10;
countMove = 0;
food = createFood(); // 創(chuàng)建新的食物
matrix[food.x][food.y] = true; // 設(shè)置食物所在位置
return true;
} else // 吃到蛇體自身,失敗
return false;
} else { // 如果新坐標(biāo)的點(diǎn)上沒有東西(蛇體),移動(dòng)蛇體
nodeArray.addFirst(new Node(x, y));
matrix[x][y] = true;
n = (Node) nodeArray.removeLast();
matrix[n.x][n.y] = false;
countMove++;
return true;
}
}
return false; // 觸到邊線,失敗
}
public void run() {
running = true;
while (running) {
try {
Thread.sleep(timeInterval);
} catch (Exception e) {
break;
}
if (!paused) {
if (moveOn()) {
setChanged(); // Model通知View數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)更新
notifyObservers();
} else {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
"you failed",
"Game Over",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
break;
}
}
}
running = false;
}
private Node createFood() {
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
// 隨機(jī)獲取一個(gè)有效區(qū)域內(nèi)的與蛇體和食物不重疊的位置
do {
Random r = new Random();
x = r.nextInt(maxX);
y = r.nextInt(maxY);
} while (matrix[x][y]);
return new Node(x, y);
}
public void speedUp() {
timeInterval *= speedChangeRate;
}
public void speedDown() {
timeInterval /= speedChangeRate;
}
public void changePauseState() {
paused = !paused;
}
public String toString() {
String result = "";
for (int i = 0; i nodeArray.size(); ++i) {
Node n = (Node) nodeArray.get(i);
result += "[" + n.x + "," + n.y + "]";
}
return result;
}
}
class Node {
int x;
int y;
Node(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
}
------------------------------------------------------------
4、
package mvcTest;
//SnakeView.java
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
/**
* MVC模式中得Viewer,只負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的顯示,而不用理會(huì)游戲的控制邏輯
*/
public class SnakeView implements Observer {
SnakeControl control = null;
SnakeModel model = null;
JFrame mainFrame;
Canvas paintCanvas;
JLabel labelScore;
public static final int canvasWidth = 200;
public static final int canvasHeight = 300;
public static final int nodeWidth = 10;
public static final int nodeHeight = 10;
public SnakeView(SnakeModel model, SnakeControl control) {
this.model = model;
this.control = control;
mainFrame = new JFrame("GreedSnake");
Container cp = mainFrame.getContentPane();
// 創(chuàng)建頂部的分?jǐn)?shù)顯示
labelScore = new JLabel("Score:");
cp.add(labelScore, BorderLayout.NORTH);
// 創(chuàng)建中間的游戲顯示區(qū)域
paintCanvas = new Canvas();
paintCanvas.setSize(canvasWidth + 1, canvasHeight + 1);
paintCanvas.addKeyListener(control);
cp.add(paintCanvas, BorderLayout.CENTER);
// 創(chuàng)建底下的幫助欄
JPanel panelButtom = new JPanel();
panelButtom.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel labelHelp;
labelHelp = new JLabel("PageUp, PageDown for speed;", JLabel.CENTER);
panelButtom.add(labelHelp, BorderLayout.NORTH);
labelHelp = new JLabel("ENTER or R or S for start;", JLabel.CENTER);
panelButtom.add(labelHelp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
labelHelp = new JLabel("SPACE or P for pause", JLabel.CENTER);
panelButtom.add(labelHelp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
cp.add(panelButtom, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
mainFrame.addKeyListener(control);
mainFrame.pack();
mainFrame.setResizable(false);
mainFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
mainFrame.setVisible(true);
}
void repaint() {
Graphics g = paintCanvas.getGraphics();
//draw background
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.fillRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
// draw the snake
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
LinkedList na = model.nodeArray;
Iterator it = na.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Node n = (Node) it.next();
drawNode(g, n);
}
// draw the food
g.setColor(Color.RED);
Node n = model.food;
drawNode(g, n);
updateScore();
}
private void drawNode(Graphics g, Node n) {
g.fillRect(n.x * nodeWidth,
n.y * nodeHeight,
nodeWidth - 1,
nodeHeight - 1);
}
public void updateScore() {
String s = "Score: " + model.score;
labelScore.setText(s);
}
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
repaint();
}
}
希望采納
core和javacore的區(qū)別如下。
1、core是平面設(shè)計(jì)軟件,各種平面設(shè)計(jì)都能實(shí)現(xiàn),如海報(bào)、雜志、展版等,結(jié)合PS使用效果為佳。
2、CoreJava是基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的純面向?qū)ο缶幊陶Z言,適用于編寫各式各樣的軟件,適用于各種平臺(tái)與操作系統(tǒng),編譯后的代碼能在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上傳遞,并確保用戶安全運(yùn)行,因而是當(dāng)前最富有生命力的計(jì)算機(jī)編程語言之一。
本文標(biāo)題:corejava代碼 coredump java
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