Speech 服務(wù)是認(rèn)知服務(wù)的一種，提供了語音轉(zhuǎn)文本，文本轉(zhuǎn)語音, 語音翻譯等，今天我們實(shí)戰(zhàn)的是語音轉(zhuǎn)文本（Speech To Text）。

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STT支持兩種訪問方式，1.是SDK，2.是REST API。

其中:

SDK方式支持?識(shí)別麥克風(fēng)的語音流 和 語音文件；

REST API方式僅支持語音文件；

準(zhǔn)備工作：創(chuàng)建 認(rèn)知服務(wù)之Speech服務(wù)：

創(chuàng)建完成后，兩個(gè)重要的參數(shù)可以在頁面查看：

一. REST API方式將語音文件轉(zhuǎn)換成文本：

Azure global的 Speech API 終結(jié)點(diǎn)請(qǐng)參考：

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/azure/cognitive-services/speech-service/rest-speech-to-text#regions-and-endpoints

Azure 中國區(qū)?的 Speech API 終結(jié)點(diǎn)：

截至到2020.2月，僅中國東部2區(qū)域已開通Speech服務(wù)，服務(wù)終結(jié)點(diǎn)為：

https://chinaeast2.stt.speech.azure.cn/speech/recognition/conversation/cognitiveservices/v1

對(duì)于Speech To Text來說，有兩種身份驗(yàn)證方式：

其中Authorization? Token有效期為10分鐘。

為了簡(jiǎn)便，本文使用了Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key的方式。

注意：如果要實(shí)現(xiàn)文本轉(zhuǎn)語音，按照上表，則必須使用 Authorization Token形式進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。

構(gòu)建請(qǐng)求的其他注意事項(xiàng)：

1. 文件格式：
   
   

2. 請(qǐng)求頭：
   
   
   需要注意的是，Key或者Authorization是二選一的關(guān)系。

3. 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)：
   
   

在Postman中的示例如下：

如果要在REST API中使用 Authorization Token，則需要先獲得Token：

Global 獲取Token的終結(jié)點(diǎn)：

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/azure/cognitive-services/speech-service/rest-speech-to-text#authentication

中國區(qū)獲取Token的終結(jié)點(diǎn)：

截至2020.02，只有中國東部2有Speech服務(wù)，其Token終結(jié)點(diǎn)為：

https://chinaeast2.api.cognitive.azure.cn/sts/v1.0/issuetoken

Postman獲取Token 參考如下：

二. SDK方式將語音文件轉(zhuǎn)換成文本（Python示例）：

在官網(wǎng)可以看到類似的代碼，但需要注意的是，該代碼僅在Azure Global的Speech服務(wù)中正常工作，針對(duì)中國區(qū)，需要做特定的修改（見下文）。

import azure.cognitiveservices.speech as speechsdk # Creates an instance of a speech config with specified subscription key and service region. # Replace with your own subscription key and service region (e.g., "chinaeast2"). speech_key, service_region = "YourSubscriptionKey", "YourServiceRegion" speech_config = speechsdk.SpeechConfig(subscription=speech_key, region=service_region) # Creates an audio configuration that points to an audio file. # Replace with your own audio filename. audio_filename = "whatstheweatherlike.wav" audio_input = speechsdk.AudioConfig(filename=audio_filename) # Creates a recognizer with the given settings speech_recognizer = speechsdk.SpeechRecognizer(speech_config=speech_config, audio_config=audio_input) print("Recognizing first result...") # Starts speech recognition, and returns after a single utterance is recognized. The end of a # single utterance is determined by listening for silence at the end or until a maximum of 15 # seconds of audio is processed. ?The task returns the recognition text as result. # Note: Since recognize_once() returns only a single utterance, it is suitable only for single # shot recognition like command or query. # For long-running multi-utterance recognition, use start_continuous_recognition() instead. result = speech_recognizer.recognize_once() # Checks result. if result.reason == speechsdk.ResultReason.RecognizedSpeech: ? ?print("Recognized: {}".format(result.text)) elif result.reason == speechsdk.ResultReason.NoMatch: ? ?print("No speech could be recognized: {}".format(result.no_match_details)) elif result.reason == speechsdk.ResultReason.Canceled: ? ?cancellation_details = result.cancellation_details ? ?print("Speech Recognition canceled: {}".format(cancellation_details.reason)) ? ?if cancellation_details.reason == speechsdk.CancellationReason.Error: ? ? ? ?print("Error details: {}".format(cancellation_details.error_details))

代碼提供頁面：

https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/cognitive-services/speech-service/quickstarts/speech-to-text-from-file?tabs=linux&pivots=programming-language-python#create-a-python-application-that-uses-the-speech-sdk

針對(duì)中國區(qū)，需要使用自定義終結(jié)點(diǎn)的方式，才能正常使用SDK：

speech_key,?service_region?=?"Your?Key",?"chinaeast2" template?=?"wss://{}.stt.speech.azure.cn/speech/recognition"?\ ???????????????"/conversation/cognitiveservices/v1?initialSilenceTimeoutMs={:d}&language=zh-CN" speech_config?=?speechsdk.SpeechConfig(subscription=speech_key, endpoint=template.format(service_region,?int(initial_silence_timeout_ms)))

中國區(qū)完整代碼為：

#!/usr/bin/env?python #?coding:?utf-8 #?Copyright?(c)?Microsoft.?All?rights?reserved. #?Licensed?under?the?MIT?license.?See?LICENSE.md?file?in?the?project?root?for?full?license?information. """ Speech?recognition?samples?for?the?Microsoft?Cognitive?Services?Speech?SDK """ import?time import?wave try: ????import?azure.cognitiveservices.speech?as?speechsdk except?ImportError: ????print(""" ????Importing?the?Speech?SDK?for?Python?failed. ????Refer?to ????https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/cognitive-services/speech-service/quickstart-python?for ????installation?instructions. ????""") ????import?sys ????sys.exit(1) #?Set?up?the?subscription?info?for?the?Speech?Service: #?Replace?with?your?own?subscription?key?and?service?region?(e.g.,?"westus"). speech_key,?service_region?=?"your?key",?"chinaeast2" #?Specify?the?path?to?an?audio?file?containing?speech?(mono?WAV?/?PCM?with?a?sampling?rate?of?16 #?kHz). filename?=?"D:\FFOutput\speechtotext.wav" def?speech_recognize_once_from_file_with_custom_endpoint_parameters(): ????"""performs?one-shot?speech?recognition?with?input?from?an?audio?file,?specifying?an ????endpoint?with?custom?parameters""" ????initial_silence_timeout_ms?=?15?*?1e3 ????template?=?"wss://{}.stt.speech.azure.cn/speech/recognition/conversation/cognitiveservices/v1?initialSilenceTimeoutMs={:d}&language=zh-CN" ????speech_config?=?speechsdk.SpeechConfig(subscription=speech_key, ????????????endpoint=template.format(service_region,?int(initial_silence_timeout_ms))) ????print("Using?endpoint",?speech_config.get_property(speechsdk.PropertyId.SpeechServiceConnection_Endpoint)) ????audio_config?=?speechsdk.audio.AudioConfig(filename=filename) ????#?Creates?a?speech?recognizer?using?a?file?as?audio?input. ????#?The?default?language?is?"en-us". ????speech_recognizer?=?speechsdk.SpeechRecognizer(speech_config=speech_config,?audio_config=audio_config) ???? ????result?=?speech_recognizer.recognize_once() ????#?Check?the?result ????if?result.reason?==?speechsdk.ResultReason.RecognizedSpeech: ????????print("Recognized:?{}".format(result.text)) ????elif?result.reason?==?speechsdk.ResultReason.NoMatch: ????????print("No?speech?could?be?recognized:?{}".format(result.no_match_details)) ????elif?result.reason?==?speechsdk.ResultReason.Canceled: ????????cancellation_details?=?result.cancellation_details ????????print("Speech?Recognition?canceled:?{}".format(cancellation_details.reason)) ????????if?cancellation_details.reason?==?speechsdk.CancellationReason.Error: ????????????print("Error?details:?{}".format(cancellation_details.error_details)) speech_recognize_once_from_file_with_custom_endpoint_parameters()

需要注意的是，如果我們使用SDK識(shí)別麥克風(fēng)中的語音，則將

speech_recognizer?=?speechsdk.SpeechRecognizer(speech_config=speech_config,?audio_config=audio_config)

修改為如下即可（去掉audio_config參數(shù)）：

speech_recognizer?=?speechsdk.SpeechRecognizer(speech_config=speech_config)

公眾號(hào)鏈接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/NA9kQsVDfzTXEqHMTdDExA

語雀地址：https://www.yuque.com/seanyu/azure/blwb5i

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